Estudo de Tecnicas de cultura in vitro do craveiro. Obtencao de plantas sas e sua multiplicacao acelarada

The most adequate conditions to obtain carnation virus-free plants and their fast micropropagation by tissue culture methods were determined. Meristems and shoot apices with one or two pairs of leaf primordia, for shoot initiation, and mass proliferation and uninodal microcutting methods, for multiplication, were compared. The best conditions, for all cultivars used, were: shoot initiation from apices with one pair of leaf primordia on medium with MS macronutrients and Fe chelate reduce by 1/2 and the other micronutrients by 1/8, 20 g/l sucrose, 0.25 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l KIN; shoot elongation on medium with MS macronutrients, Fe chelate reduce by 1/4 and the other micronutrients by 1/8 and 30 g/l sucrose; repeated multiplication, by uninodal microcuttings, on medium with Ms macronutrients, Fe chelate reduced by 1/2 and the other micronutrients by 1/8, 20 g/l sucrose and 0.05 mg/l BA; pre-acclimatization on medium with 1/2 strength Ms salts and 10-20 g/l sucrose and, in all phases, media with 6 g/l Difco Bacto-agar at pH 5.0 and incubation at 26 degree C, Klx (16 h). Acclimatization was easily achieved in greenhouse environment (without mist) and fertilized peat: sand (1:1) mixture. The most adequate material for carnation mottle virus elimination (the only tested) were shoot apices with one pair of leaf primordia from cuttings collected from May to August. 100% common strain virus-free clones were obtained but about 20% of this clones did maintain the "attenuated" strain. This strain cannot always be detected using only two successive inoculations on Chenopodium quinoa and can never be identified by ELISA. Sometimes, this test did not identify even the common strian. With the method described, each apice yielded about 10"5 acclimatized true-to-type plants per yearAvailable from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Servico de Informacao e Documentacao, Av. D. Carlos I, 126, 1200 Lisboa / FCT - Fundação para o Ciência e a TecnologiaSIGLEPTPortuga