'The following two papers summarize preliminary findings of a research project on 'Democratic Legitimacy of Regional Policy in EU Multilevel Governance' funded by the German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - DFG) in the context of a research program on 'Governance in the EU' ('Regieren in der EU'). The authors intended to find out how the existing institutions of the EU can be improved so that they not only become more effective but also more democratic. The idea guiding of the research was to regard the EU as a polity composed of different structures of representation and participation of citizens at different levels. The authors assumed that the democratic deficit is mainly caused by incompatibilities between these str...