Korrelationen und Bewegungsquantisierung im Ein-Atom-Maser und -Laser

To investigate atom-atom correlations in the one-atom maser, a modification of the phase-sensitive micromaser setup is proposed. The new setup allows for the violation of a Bell-type inequality. The interaction of the pump atoms with the cavity field generates entanglement between the atoms and the photons and therefore also among the atoms passing through the cavity. A Bell-type inequality for atom-atom correlations is derived and is shown to be violated not only for an idealized model, but also for a realistic setup taking into account various sources of decoherence. The photon emission probability and the transmission of the pump atoms in a one-atom maser change dramatically if the kinetic energy of the pump atoms is comparable with the atom-field interaction energy. In such a case, the atomic center-of-mass motion has to be quantized and the de Broglie wavelength of the atoms inside the cavity is an important physical parameter. The interplay of reflection and transmission of the atoms leads to a novel mechanism for induced emission. A photon is emitted by an excited atom, if its de Broglie wavelength fits in the cavity. These resonances lead to microwave amplification via z-motion induced emission of radiation, (mazer). In the present work, the quantum theory of the mazer is extended by deriving exact analytical solutions for a smooth potential and comparing this case with the solutions for a step function, which have been found earlier. Furthermore, the possibility is investigated to build a velocity filter for ultracold atoms using a mazer. This is an atom-optical analog of the Fabry-Perot interferometer and allows for a macroscopic coherence length of the atoms. Experimental parameters are taken into account and a new type of resonator is proposed to show that it is in principle possible to realize the mazer in experiment. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 5339(235) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman