STRATEGI ADOPSI DAN IMPLEMENTASI BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) DI INDONESIA

BIM atau Building Information Modeling merupakan salah satu konsep terbaru dalam sektor industri konstruksi di dunia terutama di Indonesia. Konsep ini masuk di Indonesia dan dikenalkan secara umum pada tahun 2017. Dalam kelanjutan penerapan konsep BIM di Indonesia, Pemerintah melalui kementerian PUPR melakukan proses adopsi konsep BIM baik itu di lingkungan proyek pemerintah pada awalnya hingga seluruh elemen konstruksi di Indonesia. Penelitian dengan bidang BIM telah dilakukan di Indonesia. Namun, penelitian dengan menggunakan pemerintah sebagai objek penelitian masih sedikit dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis posisi, hambatan maupun langkah strategis pemerintah dalam proses adopsi BIM. Identifikasi variabel dan penyusunan matriks implementasi berasal dari studi literatur. Dikarenakan topik penelitian dinilai masih sedikit yang menggunakan objek pemerintah, penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-eksploratif.Pengumpulan informasi dilaksanakan dengan melakukan wawancara kepada expert yang berasal dari akademisi, pelaku industri, dan pihak pemerintah yang terlibat langsung dalam proses implementasi BIMpemerintah. Selanjutnya hasil wawancara diolah dengan menggunakan metode koding, analisa konten, serta dianalisa menggunakan instrumen matriks implementasi dan spider-web diagram. Didapatkan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia masih berfokus pada fase adopsi berdasarkan roadmap digital konstruksi yang sudah dirilis oleh pemerintah. Dalam fase ini pembuatan peraturan, standar & protokol, panduan adopsi serta standar kompetensi pekerja menjadi fokus utama dan sudah dalam proses penyusunan. Seiring dengan penyusunan elemen pendukung tersebut, kegiatan implementasi BIM secara langsung melalui pelatihan SDM internal maupun eksternal pemerintah, implementasi melalui pilot project, dan implementasi langsung pada proyek-proyek khusus dilaksanakan juga oleh pemerintah. Terdapat 8 hambatan utama dan 3 hambatan tambahan yang muncul selama fase adopsi. Hambatan tersebut adalah kurangnya komitmen manajemen, belum adanya standardisasi industri dalam penggunaan BIM, hambatan budaya konstruksi yang masih konvensional, rendahnya kemampuan penerimaan teknologi, infrastruktur teknologi komunikasi dan informasi yang masih kurang, belum diaturnya ownership dari model BIM, serta standar kontrak dalam kolaborasi BIM belum ada. ================================================================================================================== BIM or Building Information Modeling is one of the newest concepts in the construction industry sector in the world, especially in Indonesia. This concept was introduced in Indonesia and was introduced openly by the government in 2017. In the continuation of the application of the BIM concept in Indonesia, the Government through the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing carried out the process of adopting the BIM concept, both within government projects in the beginning into all construction elements in Indonesia. Research in the BIM field has been carried out in Indonesia. However, research using the government as the object of research is still limited. This study aims to identify, analyze the position, obstacles, and strategic steps of the government in the BIM adoption process. The identification of variables and preparation of the implementation matrix comes from literature studies. Because there are still few research topics that use government as objects, this research is descriptive-exploratory. Information gathering is carried out by conducting interviews with experts from academics, industry players, and government parties who are directly involved in the government BIM implementation process. Furthermore, the interview results were processed using coding methods, content analysis, and analyzed using the implementation matrix instrument and spider-web diagrams. It was found that the Indonesian government is still focusing on the adoption phase based on the construction digital roadmap that has been released by the government. In this phase, making regulations, standards & protocols, adoption guidelines and worker competency standards are the main focus and are already in the process of drafting. Along with the preparation of these supporting elements, direct BIM implementation activities through internal and external government HR training, implementation through pilot projects, and direct implementation on special projects are also carried out by the government. There are 8 main obstacles that arise during the adoption phase. These obstacles are the lack of management commitment, the absence of industry standardization in the use of BIM, the constraints of conventional construction culture, the low ability of technology acceptance, the lack of communication and information technology infrastructure, the unregulated ownership of the BIM model, and the absence contract standards in BIM collaboration