Priežasties bei nuolaidos konstrukcijos ir neigimo apimtis

While wide-scope negation of a causal relation between two propositions P and Q – as in the English sentence I didn’t move because the rent was raised – is truth-conditionally underdetermined as to whether the speaker did or did not move and the rent was or was not raised, use of a concessive construction – I didn’t move although the rent was raised – eliminates the inherent vagueness of the negative causal construction, as it encodes the information that the rent was raised but that the speaker did not move because of/in spite of that. The intuitively felt resemblance between the causal truth-conditionally underdetermined construction and the concessive construction is claimed to have caused an Old Norse causal connective to be re-analysed as a non-truth-conditional concessive, for det (‘for that’), in modern Norwegian. For det is referred to as a ‘weak’ concessive with a procedural meaning in the sense of relevance theory, a meaning which will be pragmatically strengthened to a regular ‘strong’ concessive expressing the expectation that Q is false if P is true, in case considerations of relevance support the inferred ‘strong’ interpretation of the token in context.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama neigimo apimtis tokiose priežasties ir nuolaidos konstrukcijose, kaip anglų kalbos sakiniuose: I didn’t move because the rent was raised (‘Aš neišsikėliau, kadangi nuoma pakelta’) ir I didn’t move although the rent was raised (‘Aš neišsiklėliau, nors nuoma pakelta’). Pirmajame pavyzdyje priežasties santykis tarp propozicijų P ir Q teisingumo sąlygų požiūriu yra neapibrėžtas, nes nėra aišku, ar kalbėtojas išsikėlė, ar ne ir ar nuoma pakelta. Tuo tarpu antrajame pavyzdyje vartojama nuolaidos konstrukcija informuoja, kad nuoma pakelta, bet kalbėtojas neišsikėlė. Teigiama, kad intuityviai jaučiamas panašumas tarp priežasties ir nuolaidos konstrukcijų sąlygojo naują senosios skandinavų kalbos priežasties jungtuko for del (‘dėl to’) interpretaciją šiuolaikinėje norvegų kalboje: ji siūloma laikyti neturinčiu teisingumo sąlygų nuolaidos jungtuku (‘a non-truth-conditional concessive’), kai Q yra klaidinga, jeigu P yra teisinga