The aim of the thesis is to describe how a literary critic and an ideologist of the Communist Party Ladislav Štoll influenced the making of the Czechoslovak culture in the 20th century. At the same time we try to capture Ladislav Štoll's life in the form of a political biography, which describes his activity in connection to the discussions, polemics and the political development of the Czechoslovak cultural left wing. As a part of the thesis we describe the activity and opinions of Ladislav Štoll in the interwar republic, his attempts to write his own fiction and broadly also his participation in the discussions amongst left-wing intellectuals (so called generational discussion, the controversy around André Gide, polemics about the Moscow ...