Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Reduces Fibrosis Markers and Deactivates Human Stellate Cells via the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)

Hepatic fibrosis is known as the accumulation of connective tissue secondary to chronic damage to the liver. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) corresponding increase in liver fibrogenesis was shown with immunohistochemistry and PCR-based studies. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a synthetic compound approved as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC) by the FDA to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is under investigation for the treatment of lung and renal fibrosis. Experimental modeling for hepatic fibrosis can be constructed with an LX2 cell line isolated from human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the modulation of SAHA in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis by detecting the levels of proteins; (E-cadherin (E-cad), N-cadherin (N-cad), Vimentin (Vim), and genes; E-cad, N-cad, Vim, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), type 1 collagen (COL1A1), type 3 collagen (COL3A1)) that play a significant role in EMT with the LX2 cell line. We also evaluated the action of SAHA with cell proliferation, clonogenic, and migration assay. Cell proliferation was performed by flow cytometry. All the protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis, and gene expression levels were measured by Real-Time PCR. Our study observed that SAHA treatment decreased cell viability, colony formation and migration in LX2 cells. We found that SAHA increased E-cad expression level, while it decreased N-cad, Vim, COL1A1, COL3A1, alpha-SMA TGF-beta genes expression levels. SAHA decreased the level of E-cad, N-cad, and Vim protein levels. We thought that SAHA possesses potent antifibrotic and anti-EMT properties in LX2