Remediation of radionuclide contaminated land using in-situ and laboratory-based technologies

Industrial processing of ores and minerals may result in naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) becoming concentrated in wastes and installations. These radioactive materials are a potential health hazard, therefore, waste needs to be disposed of responsibly. This consigns the industry to costly disposal initiatives under the current directives. This study, scale deposits were collected from a decommissioned phosphoric acid processing plant, in order to determine the nature and concentration of NORM retained in process installations. The scale samples predominantly comprise the following: fluorides (e.g. ralstonite); calcium sulphate, and an assemblage of mixed fluorides and phosphates (e.g. iron fluoride hydrate, calcium phosphate).EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo