In this thesis, we focus our work on the signal detection in MIMO systems which is a widely studied topic in telecommunications. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the performances of MIMO systems in terms of bit error rate, complexity and robustness. The original contribution of this work consists in the exploitation of the properties of the transmitted signal or channel. In fact, the signals employed in telecommunication systems have several properties due to their structures and modulations, and the channel fading is different for each sub-channel. This is the start point and motivation for this work. We have proposed several original detection methods in this thesis, some of them exploit the signal properties and the others...