Transport governance, structures and policy implementation : the management of car dependency

With greater policy emphasis on encouraging sustainable transport modes, this research probes into issues associated with the governance and delivery of sustainable transport policies for the management of car dependency. The research uses a multi-method case study based approach in three UK city-regions, namely Belfast, Glasgow and Manchester. Both qualitative (focus groups and in-depth interviews) and quantitative (Q-methodology) methods are used to explore the perceptions of four categories of transport actors, including (1) transport experts, users and interest groups (2) officials ,,..,, from public bodies (3) public transport operators and (4) politiCians. The experiences of these actors are discussed with regard to the inefficiencies of the existing governance and the barriers to effective policy implementation. The use of Q-methodology indicates the perceptions of key players in terms of the similarities and differences in viewpoints. . The key findings of this research illustrates that respondents are supportive of the sustainable transport system; however, the opinions show that the implementation of policies is neither effective, nor a priority for the authorities who implement them. The reliability and quality of public transport services, integration between transport and land-use activities, better funding and effective parking enforcement are the required interventions to influence existing travel patterns, which are dominated by private cars across three city-regions. The results suggest that the effectiveness of a deregulated bus policy, competition between private bus operators, a lack of political will, coordination between transport actors, parking policy, accountability and the level of stakeholders' participation in the policy processes are controversial issues amongst the transport actors. The Q-methodology results clearly indicate a need for the effective implementation of transport policies to manage car dependency in Belfast. The findings strongly suggest that participatory policy style would improve transport governance in Northern Ireland. The major problem of transport governance in both Glasgow and Manchester is the limited decision-making capacity of city-region governments in local rail, highway and transport funding. A particular emphasis on the needs of real competition between operators along with a smart card ticketing system is the way to promote affordable, IX integrated and reliable public transport system. From a policy implementation perspective, it is crucial to address the split between the policy objectives and funding priorities. Finally, the findings of this research can be used to inform policy-makers as well as implementers in order to facilitate positive outcomes for sustainable transport policies. xEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo