Vortex phenomena in unconventional superconductors

Unconventional superconductors are those which are not described by the BCS theory, and for which no known theoretical descript ion currently exists. The careful study of the behaviour of superconducting vortices in such systems yields crucial insights into the underlying physics of these exciting materials. This thesis describes a series of magnetometry experiments conducted OIl three different unconventional superconductors: SrZRu04, MgB2 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ; utilising two techniques: Scanning Hall probe microscopy and magneto-optical imaging. An exotic p-wave chiral order parameter is thought to exist in SrZRu04 and is expected to produce several identifiable magnetic signatures. A search for these signals via scanning Hall probe measurements failed to detect any such signatures, but did capture a structural transition of the vortex lattice that is consistent with the proposed chiral order parameter. Studies of several samples also suggest that the vortex behaviour is strongly modified with even tiny amounts of disorder, a conclusion that has important consequences for interpretations of vortex patterns in Sr2Ru04. Several recent experiments have reported vortex configurations consistent with a competing short-range repulsion and long-range attraction in the inter-vortex interaction in MgB2 single crystals. We observe the spontaneous formation of vortex chains and labyrinths in a 160nm MgB2 thin-film that are suggestive of a non-monotonic vortex interaction , but perhaps more indicative of an intermediate-range attract ion in harness with short and long-range repulsions. The suitability of seven potential mechanisms of vortex attraction in MgB2 are reviewed in light of the unusually short electronic mean-free path of our sample. Finally, magneto-optical imaging has been used to study the penetration of flux into regular polygon-shaped Bi2Sr2CaCu20s+o platelets with various geometries. The variation of H p with geometry qualitatively contradicts conventional estimates of demagnetisation factors based on equivalent ellipsoids using inscribed circles. This work has important implications for the estimation of appropriate effective demagnetisation factors in arbitrarily shaped. superconducting bodiesEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo