Nitride semiconductors are attractive materials for the development of optical and electronic devices.Some of these applications can expose materials to extreme environments and especially radiation ofheavy ions at different energies. In this thesis, the study focused first on behaviour evolution underirradiation of alpha-Al2O3 and then of GaN thin film, in order to establish a profile of damage evolution asfunction of the depth. Concerning lattice parameter, a similar behaviour was observed for both materials.An important increase of lattice parameter parallel to ion beam was highlighted while few variations wasnoted for the lattice parameter perpendicular to ion beam. Formation of amorphous layer for alpha-Al2O3and highly disordered layer...