National audienceDifferent methods are used by the epidemiologist in order to get as close as possible to the causal nature of the relationship between a factor and a disease. However this is just an interpretation since different circumstances may randomly induce non-causal relationships between factors and disease, but also the effect of other interconnected factors. Philosophy identifies three levels of discussion in the use of causality: the distinction between absolute reality and the one perceived by man given his faculties of knowledge; the difficulty of identifying causes from the observation of natural phenomena because a link between phenomena does not necessarily mean causal succession; the problem of induction, in the sense that...