The administration and control of migratory labour on the S.A. gold mines: Capitalism and the state in the era of Kruger and Milner

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented April, 1975Almost from its infancy the Witwatersrand mining industry grew up under the shelter of substantial government encouragement and support. Although spokesmen for the mines have always attempted to portray their impressive achievements as a triumph of free enterprise capitalism, the leaders of the industry themselves assiduously courted state assistance from the time of Kruger's republic onward