Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first cause of dementia worldwide, affecting over 20 million people. Its diagnosis at an early stage is essential to ensure a proper care of patients, and to develop and test novel treatments. AD is a complex disease that has to be characterized by the use of different measurements: cognitive and clinical tests, neuroimaging including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), genotyping, etc. There is an interest in exploring the discriminative and predictive capabilities of these diverse markers, which reflect different aspects of the disease and potentially carry complementary information, from an early stage of the disease. The objective of this PhD thesis was thus to assess ...