There are still substantial uncertainties in the iron biogeochemical cycle, including those related to the nature and magnitude of its external sources.Dissolved iron (dFe) is considered to be the most bioavailable form, which led to the underestimation of the role of particulate iron (pFe) as a potential source of dFe. Yet sediment resuspension releases more pFe than dFe. In this context, my thesis challenge the traditional view of the role of sedimentary inorganic particulate iron (pFeinorg) and proposes the first modeling of pFeinorg as a new external source of dFe. For this purpose, the PISCES numerical model has been adapted to take into account an additional iron flux based on a climatology of dynamics from the global NEMO-PISCES conf...