Factors influencing municipal solid waste generation and composition in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

Increasing metropolitan solid waste and absence of concrete information sources is a developing worry in urban areas of developing countries like in Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) in Nepal. Two goals of this study were: (1) to estimate household solid waste generation and its composition; and (2) to assess the socioeconomic factors impacting on household waste generation. Using stratified sampling, 288 families were chosen from the 32 wards of KMC for household survey. The quantification of total waste and its composition was undertaken for each household using digital weighing scales. Socioeconomic variables affecting household waste generation were analysis by using regression model. The rate of household waste generation in KMC was found 0.3 kg/capita/day and total household waste generation was found 413 tonnes/day. Household waste comprised of 51% organic and 49% recyclable comprising 5% paper and paper products, 3% glass, 1% metal, 19% plastic, 13% textiles, 4% rubber and leather and 4% other waste. As organic waste constitutes more than half proportion of total solid waste, it should deal appropriately, if not it will create serious health and environmental hazards. Household size and income had a positive impact on waste generation; both were statistically significant and thus are important indicators in forecasting solid waste generation trends. Finding from this study will help concerning authority to formulate sustainable solid waste management plan in KMC and beyond