The Effect of Osteotomy Preparation Technique and Implant Diameter on Primary Stability and Bone-implant Interface of Short Implants (6 mm)

Aim: The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of osteotomy preparation technique and implant diameter on primary stability and bone-implant interface of short implants (6mm), when placed in bone with high degree of cancellous content with three osteotomy preparation techniques. Materials and methods: Three groups of different diameter implants were used for this study. The Group SN (Short Narrow), comprised of 30 implants with dimensions 4.2x6mm, the Group SR (Short Regular), comprised of 30 implants with dimensions 4.8x6mm and the Group SW (Short Wide), comprised of 30 implants with dimensions 5. 4x6mm. Each implant group was further grouped in to 3 groups according to the technique of osteotomy preparation; i) standard drill (ST), ii) osteotomes (OT), iii) Osteodensifilcation burs (OD). The following measurements were recorded 1) Insertion torque value 2) Primary stability of the implant using resonance frequency analysis by measuring the ISQ values 3) and removal torque. For implants of the Group SN histomorphometric analysis to calculate the mean percentage of implant bone contact was performed. Statistical Analysis: 2 way analysis variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc test was used for statistical comparisons between the groups. The level of significance was set at P\u3c0.05. Results: Bio mechanical stability comparisons between different techniques failed to demonstrate significant difference for SN and SR implant group. The only significant difference observed was the increase in insertion torque for SW implant of OD group ( mean insertion torque of SW group, OD 50.00 Ncm + 14.14, OT group 46.87 Ncm + 17.10, ST group 28 Ncm + 10.85). The diameter of the short implant did not have any effect in short implants placed with osteotome or standard drilling protocol. For the OD technique, SW group showed, statistically significant increase in insertion torque as compared to SN implant group ( mean insertion torque OD, SW group 50.00 + 14.14, SN group 31.50 + 15.82). No difference in BIC contact was seen for SN implants placed with three different osteotomy preparation techniques