Effect of microwave-alkali techniques on the morphology and physical changes of treated oil palm empty fruit bunches fiber

Empty fruit bunches fibre (EFB) consisting of 44 % cellulose, 16 % lignin and 35 % hemicelluloses component was treated using microwave-alkali (Mw-A) agitated pre-treatment so as to disrupt the recalcitrant structures in the fibre. Morphology and chemical changes of treated EFB were used as indicators to the effectiveness of Mw-A treatment. The results obtained were compared with conventional pre-treatment process. The morphology of the treated fiber was observed using scanning electron microscope. The reduction in the EFB composition during Mw-A treatment was justified by measuring the total extract cellulose; remaining lignin and hemicellulose, and ash content after the process was performed. Results revealed that Mw-A pre-treatment technique exhibited a more effective removal of lignin and hemicelluloses as compared to the conventional or chemical treatment