Passive Thermosyphon Solar Water Heater for Existing Swimming Pool

abstract: Water heaters that are manufactured for swimming pools come in several forms, most of which require an electrical input for a source of power. Passive-circulation systems, however, require no electrical power input because fluid circulation occurs as a result of thermal gradients. In solar-based systems, thermal gradients are developed by energy collected from sunlight. The combination of solar collection and passive circulation yields a system in which fluids, particularly water, are heated and circulated without need of assistance from external mechanical or electrical sources. The design of such a system was adapted from that of forced-circulation solar collector systems, as were the equations describing its thermodynamic properties. The design was developed based on such constraints as material corrosion resistance, overall system cost, and location-controlled size limitations. The thermodynamic description of the designed system was adjusted on the basis of the designed system’s physical aspects, such as the configuration and material of each component within the solar collector. Numerical analysis performed with the altered thermodynamic equations projected a total energy gain of 7.39 W between 9:00 and 10:00 A.M. and a total energy gain of 13.12 W between 4:00 and 5:00 P.M. The temperature of heated water exiting the collector system was projected to be 17.62°C in the morning and 25.56°C in the afternoon. The morning projection utilized an initial fluid temperature of 12°C and an ambient air temperature of 13°C, while the afternoon projection utilized an initial fluid temperature of 17°C and an ambient air temperature of 22°C. Field testing of the designed passive thermosyphon solar collector system was performed over a period of about one month with one temperature measurement taken at the collector outlet in the morning and another taken in the afternoon. For an ambient air temperature of 13°C, the linear regression developed from the morning dataset yielded an outlet water temperature of 20°C and that for the afternoon dataset yielded an outlet water temperature of 39°C for an ambient air temperature of 17°C. The percentage error between the projected and measured results was 13.51% for the morning period and 52.58% for the afternoon period. Numerical simulation and field data demonstrated that while the collector system operated successfully, its effects were limited to the volume of water immediately surrounding the outlet of the system; the rate of circulation within the system was too low for there to be a meaningful increase in the temperature of the water body at large. The stated results demonstrate that while the particular configuration of passive circulation solar collection technology developed in this instance is capable of transferring solar thermal energy to water without additional energy sources, significant modifications are necessary in order to improve the effectiveness of the technology. Such changes may come from improvements in material availability or alterations to the configuration of components of the collector system. (abstract