The influence of coating with aminopropyl triethoxysilane and CuO/Cu2O nanoparticles on antimicrobial activity of cotton fabrics under dark conditions

A novel impregnation process for the fabrication of cotton nanocomposite with strong antimicrobial activity against antibiotics-resistant bacteria and yeast was developed. The impregnation process includes the sol-gel treatment of fabric with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in the first step, and synthesis of the CuO/Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) on the fabric surface in the second step. The in situ synthesis of the CuO/Cu2O NPs was based on the adsorption of Cu2+-ions by the introduced amino groups of the sol-gel coating. The adsorbed Cu2+-ions are subsequently reduced in the alkaline solution of NaBH4. X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the formation of CuO/Cu2O NPs. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry analyses indicate that the particle size, agglomeration, and amounts of synthesized NPs were highly affected by the initial concentration of CuSO(4)solution. The toxicity of nanocomposites to human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and antimicrobial activity against Gram-negativeEscherichia coliATCC 25922,E. coliATCC BAA 2469, andKlebsiella pneumoniaeATCC BAA 2146, and Gram-positive bacteriaStaphylococcus aureusATCC 25923,S. aureusATCC 43300 and yeastCandida albicansATCC 24433 strongly depended on the copper content. In addition to excellent antimicrobial activity, controlled release of Cu2+-ions from the fabrics into physiological saline solution was obtained