MODERN - BETWEEN ECLECTICISM AND CONSTRUCTIVISM IN RUSSIAN PROVINCE

Abstract: The article describes the specifics of the Art Nouveau style in the city of Kazan, the major city of the Russian Empire at the turn of XIX-XX. In Russia, the Art Nouveau style is called Modern. At the beginning of the twentieth century, private and profitable, banks, theaters, railway stations and hotels of Kazan were built mostly in eclectic style, which was replaced by Modern. The stylistic feature of eclecticism in the architecture of Kazan is the strong influence of the provincial empire classic traditions, which are combined with the oriental motifs of Muslim art. The article presents the comparative analysis of Modern in Moscow and St. Petersburg and reveals the influence of the Moscow version. The architecture of Kazan was influenced most of all by the work of the Moscow architect N. Lazarev. A.K. Echkin's hotel built by him in 1902-1903 on Arbat Street in Moscow became the model for many provincial architects and in particular for Konstantin Oleshkevich - the city architect of Kazan at the beginning of the century. Oleshkevich, using the common solutions by Lazarev in his buildings, created his own, recognizable manner. Oleshkevich also interprets the stylistic decisions of European architects, in particular Joseph Olbricht. The stylisticanalysis allowed to attribute one of anonymous Kazan buildings in Modern style - the building of "Amur" Hotel, which belonged to the Tatar merchant Abdul Karim Yunusov before the Revolution of 1917. One of the founders of Tatar poetry, Gabdulla Tukay, lived in this house.Keywords: Art Nouveau, Modern, Rational Modern, Eclecticism, Constructivism, Kazan