Knee Injuries in Football Players and Their Prevention : Undergraduate Thesis

Nogometna je igra kompleksna kineziološka aktivnost koja pripada grupi polistrukturalnih acikličkih gibanja. Prevladavaju specifične motoričke kretnje ubrzavanja i zaustavljanja, kretanja naprijed, nazad i u stranu, skokova i doskoka te kontakata sa drugim igračima, iz tih razloga imamo povećani rizik nastanka ozljeda. Kao prva i opća podjela će ići prema lokalizaciji ozljede. Što se tiče zglobova kod vrhunskih nogometaša najrizičniji i najpodobniji ozljedama su: koljeno, skočni zglob, kralježnica posebno slabinski i vratni dio kralježnice. Dva su osnovna tipa ozljede, akutne traumatske ozljede i kronične ozljede ili prenaprezanje. Pod akutnim ozljedama su prijelomi, istegnuća, puknuća natučenja, uganuća i iščašenja, dok su kronične ozljede one koje nastaju nakon nekog vremena bavljenja nekom aktivnosti. Koljeno uz mišiće natkoljenice zauzimaju najveći postotak ukupnih ozljeda u nogometu, te spadaju i pod najrizičnije ozljede zbog težine samih ozljeda. Ozljede koljena o kojima ćemo govoriti su skakačko koljeno kao jedina ozljeda prenaprezanja, zatim ozljede meniskusa i četiri glavna ligamenta. Tu dolazimo do prevencije, kao skupa mjera kojima nastojimo sačuvati zdravlje sportaša. Najbolji oblik prevencije je zagrijavanje prije svakog treninga i utakmice. Zatim pravilna postura tijela i pravilni obrasci kretanja. Na kraju, trening, trening mišićne izdržljivosti, trening jakosti i treninzi propriocepcije.Football is a complex kinesiological activity that belongs to the group of polystructural acyclic movements. Specific motor movements of acceleration and stopping, moving forward, backward and sideways, jumps and landings and contacts with other players predominate, for these reasons we have an increased risk of injury. As the first and general division will go according to the localization of the injury. As far as the joints of top football players are concerned, the most risky and most suitable for injuries are: knee, ankle, spine, especially the lumbar and cervical spine. There are two basic types of injury, acute traumatic injury and chronic injury or overexertion. Under acute injuries are fractures, sprains, cracks, bruises, sprains and dislocations, while chronic injuries are those that occur after some time of engaging in an activity. The knee next to the thigh muscles occupy the largest percentage of total injuries in football, and are among the most risky injuries due to the severity of the injuries themselves. The knee injuries we will talk about are the jumping knee as the only strain injury, then the meniscus injuries and the four main ligaments. This is where we come to prevention, as a set of measures that we try to preserve the health of athletes. The best form of prevention is warming up before every workout and game. Then proper body posture and proper movement patterns. Finally, training, muscular endurance training, strength training and proprioception training