Integrismo religioso y nacional en España : el ataque contra las escuelas laicas de Andrés Manjón (1910)

En la España de principios del siglo XX la posición ideológica del padre Andrés Manjón contra las escuelas laicas desencadenó una persecución a toda idea de renovación pedagógica. Aprovechando el análisis de contenido de la obra Las escuelas laicas (1910) introducimos las posiciones divergentes de un debate ideológico entre las "Dos Españas", por un lado, la izquierda liberal, laica, renovadora y europeísta y, por el otro, la derecha conservadora, católica, tradicional y españolizante. A través de un análisis crítico de discurso histórico, destacamos que esta disertación contra las escuelas laicas sirvió para solidificar una posición integrista católica y nacional; una mentalidad ortodoxa que aún es salvaguardada por la derecha española y que es utilizada como dispositivo para defender la unidad territorial del EstadoThis article consists in presenting a research process developed in an Argentinian children's shelter house which is used as pedagogical resource in the educational training at the University of Barcelona. Through the example of this shelter house, where children live in situations of social risk, we invite them to attend and to develop critical thinking, recognizing the otherness that surrounds them. The institutional approach shared with the students through the research process is based on a theoretical and methodological perspective of an institutional analysis. However, as we acknowledge the complexity involved in each institution, the research process done was interactive, flexible, and consistent with the contributions of different authors. This openness allowed weaving us to constitute a web of meanings that contributed to the understandings of what the research process originated, moved, and triggered in the researchers' experiences and in the research participants. A team of researchers did this study for six months. Its development and results contributed positively to increase the educational knowledge and the attentiveness levels in the university students' researcher practices. They learned new ways to relate and approach to the educational landscape. The range of knowledge and skills learned, help them to clarify what can be found in the educational institutions. In this article, we mainly show the methodological perspective of the institutional analysis in the field of the educational research and how we brought it into the university classrooms as a pedagogical resourc