Perceptions of the child and childhood in the late 19th and early 20th century in Croatian ethnographic material in the example of disciplining and punishing children

U radu je iz više aspekata analiziran koncept djeteta i djetinjstva. Na temelju prikaza povijesti djetinjstva, emocija, individuuma, odgoja, discipliniranja i drugo, u američkom, europskom i hrvatskom kontekstu vidjeli smo da su sve te povijesti promjenjive kroz vrijeme i međuovisne. Na primjeru etnografske građe, koju je Antun Radić objavio u Osnovi za sabiranje i proučavanje građe o narodnom životu, prikazano je kako je na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće u toj tradicijskoj patrijarhalnoj kulturi bilo uobičajeno djecu disciplinirati kažnjavanjem (najčešće šibom), te se nisu smjele iskazivati emocije koje su se smatrale slabošću; pogotovo kod muškaraca. Na primjeru javnog istupa voditeljice Pinčić vidjeli smo prijepore oko discipliniranja i uopće odgoja djece u suvremenosti. Današnje su granice između kažnjavanja i discipliniranja nejasne. Djeca su zaštićena raznim zakonima s kojima velik dio ljudi nije upoznat, te roditelji često ne znaju na koji način smiju i trebaju postupati s djecom.The paper analyzes the concept of child and childhood from several aspects. Based on the presentation of childhood history, emotions, individualism, upbringing, discipline and more in the American, European and Croatian contexts we have seen that all these histories are changeable over time and interdependent. In the example of the ethnographic material, that Antun Radić published in The Basis for Collection and Study of Material on Folk life, it is shown that at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in this traditional patriarchal culture it was common for children to be disciplined by punishment (usually with a whip), it was also not allowed to show emotions because showing emotions was considered a weakness; especially in men. In the example publicly made by the TV host Doris Pinčić, we saw controversies being raised about disciplining and raising children in modern times. Today, the boundaries between punishment and discipline are blurred. Children are protected by various laws that many people are not familiar with, so parents often do not know how they can and should treat their children