Diffuser total efficiency using generalized actuator disc model and its maximization method

The diffuser total efficiency was formulated and defined based on the generalized actuator disc model for the index of the efficiency of the diffuser-alone of the diffuser-augmented wind turbines. An optimization method to maximize the diffuser total efficiency was developed using a genetic algorithm and axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics. A case study was conducted for a 10% chord-to-diameter ratio, 2% thickness-to-chord plate, and the crest position at 50% chord of the diffuser. The optimal result showed a diffuser total efficiency of 1.087. Furthermore, 1392 (=48 population × 29 generations) simulation cases of the optimization process showed that high diffuser total efficiency appears at a low-drag coefficient, high-lift coefficient, and 15–25% low diffuser height-to-chord ratio