TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER AND SIDE EFFECTS OF RADIOTHERAPY AFTER RADICAL SURGERY

Rak dojke najučestaliji je tumor dojke u žena. Posljednjih godina mortalitet se smanjuje, međutim i dalje predstavlja ozbiljan javnozdravstveni problem. Smanjenje mortaliteta raka dojke povezano je s naglim razvojem znanosti, medicine i tehnologije. Ranim otkrivanjem raka dojke veća je mogućnost izlječenja, tome uvelike pridonose screening programi. Prvi korak pri otkrivanju raka dojke predstavlja palpacija abnormalne tvorbe u dojci. Gotovo 80% žena tijekom samopregleda uoče promjenu u dojci. Brojnim tehnološkim dostignućima omogućen je razvoj raznim dijagnostičkim metodama. Zlatni standard u dijagnosticiranju raka dojke predstavlja mamografija. Važno je naglasiti kako u liječenju raka dojke sudjeluje multidisciplinarni tim stručnjaka. Uloga radiološkog tehnologa je stvoriti kvalitetnu dijagnostičku sliku i/ili snimku s detaljnim prikazom anatomskih struktura. U liječenju raka dojke važnu ulogu imaju i kirurški zahvati. Odabir vrste liječenja ovisi o stadiju bolesti, općem stanju bolesnice te biologiji tumora. Ponekad, zbog veličine tumora i lokoregionalne zahvaćenosti potrebno je odlučiti se na radikalniji kirurški zahvat. Kako bi se spriječio povrat bolesti kao dodatna terapija provodi se radioterapija. Nakon terapije zračenjem u bolesnica mogu se javiti akutne, subaktune i kronične nuspojave. Najčešći oblici nuspojava su promjene na koži dojke odnosno pojava lokalnog dermatitisa, epilacija, edemi, fibrozne promjene i teleangektazije.Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in woman. In the past years the mortality of breast cancer has decreased still it is a very serious public health problem. Rapid development of science, medicine and technology has caused a mortality reduction in breast cancer. Early detection of breast cancer is contributed by the screening program which leads to more effective treatment. Palpation of abnormal formation makes the first step in diagnosing breast cancer. Almost 80% of woman notice a change in their breast during a self examination. Diagnostical congnitions have been achived by the advantion of technology. Mammography is the gold standard in breast cancer detection. Multidisciplinary team of experts has a majore role in treatment of breast cancer. Radiological technologist has to provide a quality diagnostical picture with detail in anatomical structures. Humanity and empahty thowards every patient are very important. Surgery is one kind of breast cancer treatment. The treatment depends on localisation and size of the tumor. Unfortunately, sometimes the treatment must be radical. To prevent a disease recidive we use radiotherapy. Acute, subacute and chronic side effects are likely to be showen after radiotherapy. After radical surgery most common secondary responses are skin iritation, epilation and changes or dermatitis etc. Side effect can also occure their effect on lungs, hearth, nerve structures of the axillary region, bones and other