PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SMOKING-INFLUENCE ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF ADOLESCENTS

Uvod i cilj istraživanja: Respiratorni sustav i disanje jedni su od najvažnijih fizioloških mehanizama ljudskog tijela, a pušenje i općenito konzumacija duhanskog dima, što kroz aktivno, što kroz pasivno pušenje jedan od vodećih javno zdravstvenih problema današnjice, posebice među mladom populacijom. Poznavanje anatomskih karakteristika respiratornog sustava preduvjet je dobrom poznavanju i očitavanju testiranja tog sustava. Najpoznatija i najprimjenjivaniji metoda testiranja plućne funkcije naziva se spirometrija. Rezultati spirometrije u kratkom vremenu i na jednostavan način daju uvid u rezultate plućne funkcije ispitanika. Metode istraživanja: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 100 ispitanika, juniora, kadeta i pionira Nogometnog kluba Osijek i Ženskog nogometnog kluba Osijek kao i adolescenata iste dobi iz Mjesnih zajednica grada Osijeka, a koji se ne bave sportom. Prvi dio istraživanja obuhvaćao je kratki upitnik s općim, demografskim pokazateljima koji su ispunjavali sami ispitanici dok je drugi dio bio test plućne funkcije spirometrom MicroLab 3300 Spirometer Mk4. Rezultati: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od ukupno 100 ispitanika djevojčica (17%) i dječaka (83%), Najčešća dob ispitanika je između 17 i 18 godina (63%). 24% ispitanika imalo je 16 godina, dok je najmanji broj ispitanika imao 19 i više godina (13%). 51% ispitanika promatranog uzorka bavi se sportom, dok se 49% ispitanika ne bavi sportom. 39% ispitanika izjasnilo se da su pušači, dok je nepušača zahvaćenih istraživanjem bilo 61%. Prosječna visina ispitanika bila je 177,98 centimetara, dok su prosječne apsolutne spirometrijske vrijednosti bile 4,30 (VC), i 4,25 (FEV1). Statističkom analizom na temelju rezultata provedenog istraživanja ustanovljeno je da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u spirometrijskim mjerenjima između pušača i nepušača adolescenata, kao niti između sportaša i nesportaša, a testiranim prema specifičnim ciljevima istraživanja. Zaključak: Bavljenje sportom svakako ostavlja pozitivan učinak na plućnu funkciju, ali je i zabrinjavajuć broj mladih koji fizički nisu aktivni. Plućna funkcija je varijabla na koju se može utjecati te je neupitan je zaključak kako je duhanske proizvode potrebno zaobilaziti u širokom luku, a djecu što masovnije upisivati na sportske aktivnosti ili barem poticati na što češće bavljenje fizičkom aktivnošću i boravkom na otvorenom kako bismo iza sebe ostavili zdrav i fizički aktivan naraštaj.Introduction: Respiratory system and respiration are some of the most important physiological mechanisms of the human body. Smoking and consumption of tobacco, both through active and passive smoking, is one of the leading public health problems today, especially among young people. Anatomical characteristics of the respiratory system knowledge is a prerequisite for good reading and testing of that system. The best known and most widely used method of testing lung function is called spirometry. In a short time, the results of spirometry in a simple way give an insight look into the results of the lung function of the subjects. Subjects and methods: The study included a total of 100 respondents, juniors, cadets and pioneers of the Osijek Football Club and the Osijek Women's Football Club, as well as adolescents from the Local Communities of the City of Osijek, of the same age, who do not play sports. The first part of the study included a short questionnaire with general, demographic indicators filled out by the subjects themselves while the second part was a lung function test with a MicroLab 3300 Spirometer Mk4 spirometer. Results: The study was conducted on a sample of a total of 100 respondents girls (17%) and boys (83%), The most common age of respondents is between 17 and 18 years (63%). 24% of respondents were 16 years old, while the smallest number of respondents was 19 years old and older (13%). 51% of respondents in the observed sample are involved in sports, while 49% of respondents are not involved in sports. 39% of respondents said they are smokers, while 61% of them are non-smokers. The average height of the subjects was 177.98 centimeters, while the average absolute spirometric values were 4.30 (VC), and 4.25 (FEV1). Statistical analysis based on the results of the study found that there are no statistically significant differences in spirometric measurements between smokers and non-smokers adolescents, as well as between athletes and non-athletes, according to research objectives. Conclusion: Playing sports certainly has a positive effect on lung function, but it is also a worrying number of young people who are not physically active. Pulmonary function is a variable that can be influenced and it is unquestionable to conclude that tobacco products should be bypassed in a wide arc, and children should enroll in sports activities as much as possible. At least we should encourage youngs to engage in physical activity and stay outdoors as much as possible, to leave a healthy and physically active generation behind us