European Banking Union

Europska bankovna unija osmišljena je kao odgovor na svjetsku financijsku krizu, odnosno kao pokušaj da se vrati povjerenje u europski bankovni sustav koje je bilo narušeno zbog financijske krize koja je započela u SAD-u te se prelila na europski bankovni sustav. Bankovna unija zapravo je integracija financijskog sustava kojom se nastoji provoditi učinkovitiji nadzor i regulacija financijskih institucija europodručja, ali i sanacija banaka čije troškove ne će snositi porezni obveznici. Bankovna unija predstavlja sustav nadzora i sanacije banaka na razini Europske Unije koji djeluje na temelju jedinstvenih pravila koja se primjenjuju u cijeloj bankovnoj uniji, te se njome osigurava zajednička provedba navedenih pravila u europodručju. Bankovna se unija temelji na jedinstvenim pravilima te tri strukturna stupa: jedinstveni nadzorni mehanizam, jedinstveni sanacijski mehanizam te europski sustav osiguranja depozita. Cilj bankovne unije je učiniti cjelokupni bankovni sustav sigurnijim i otpornijim na krize, a ukoliko do krize ipak dođe, nastoji se učinkovito upravljanje istom kako bi se ublažile eventualne posljedice krize. Ideja je bankovne unije prekinuti vezu između država i banaka te spriječiti da porezni obveznici snose troškove propalih banaka, a financiranje sanacije banaka prebaciti na dioničare i vlasnike banaka. Cilj je ovog rada analizirati nastanak bankovne unije i prikazati njezinu ulogu u europskom bankovnom sustavu te učinke na realno gospodarstvo i cjelokupni bankovni sustav Europske unije.The European Banking Union is created as response to the global financial crisis, or as an attempt to restore confidence in the European banking system that was damaged by the financial crisis that began in the US and which passed on the European banking system. In fact, the banking union is the integration of the financial system which seeks to implement more effective supervision and regulation of European financial institutions, as well as the bank recovery of which costs will not have affect on tax obligators in the country. The banking union is a system of supervision and bank recovery in EU which operates on the basis of single rules applied through the banking sector and ensures the common implementation of these rules in the European area. It is based on single rules and three structural pillars: a single supervisory mechanism, a single resolution mechanism and a european deposit insurance system. The goal of the banking union is to make banking system firm and more resilient to crises, and when it comes, it will be managed in order to moderate the possible consequences of the crisis. The concept of a banking union is to separate the bond between states and banks in order to prevent taxpayers from bearing the cost of failed banks, and leave costs of bank recovery to shareholders and bank owners. The aim of this paper is to analyze the establishment of the banking union and to demonstrate its role in the European banking system and its effects on the real economy and the overall banking system of the European Union