Hydrolytic and photolytic degradation of metoclopramide in the environment

Dolaskom u okoliš farmaceutici mogu biti podvrgnuti biotičkim ili abiotičkim procesima koji rezultiraju njihovom razgradnjom. Rezultat može biti smanjenje koncentracije početnog spoja te nastanak razgradnih produkata koji mogu biti manje ili više toksični od osnovne molekule. Stoga je važno poznavati ponašanje farmaceutika u okolišu kako bi se mogao procijeniti mogući rizik koji je posljedica njihove prisutnosti u tlu, vodama ili sedimentu. Hidroliza i fotoliza su abiotički procesi koji mogu značajno utjecati na proces smanjenja koncentracije farmaceutika. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio ispitati hidrolitičku i fotolitičku razgradnju farmaceutika metoklopramida. Hidrolitička razgradnja metoklopramida ispitana je u MilliQ vodi pri tri različite pH-vrijednosti 4, 7 i 9. Uočeno je da metoklopramid ne hidrolizira. Fotolitička razgradnja praćena je u MilliQ i izvorskoj vodi te je uočeno da je razgradnja brža u izvorskoj vodi a da temeperatura (10 °C i 25 °C) nema značajniji utjecaj na brzinu fotolitičke razgradnje. Također, uočeno je da razgradnjom metoklopramida nastaju tri razgradna produkta.In the environment, pharmaceuticals can be subjected to biotic or abiotic degradation processes. These processes lead to the reduction of pharmaceuticals concentration in the environment and formation of degradation products which may be less or more toxic than the parent molecule. It is important to understand the behavior of pharmaceuticals in the environment in order to assess the possible risk of their presence in soil, water or sediment. Hydrolysis and photolysis are abiotic processes that can significantly affect the process of concentration reduction of pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to examine the hydrolytic and photolytic degradation of metoclopramide. Hydrolytic degradation of metoclopramide was monitored in MilliQ water at three different pH-values of 4, 7 and 9. Metoclopramide was not hydrolysed. Photolytic degradation was monitored in MilliQ and spring water and it was observed that degradation was faster in spring water. The impact of temperature (10 °C and 25 °C) on photolytic degradation was also investigated. During degradation of metoclopramide, formation of three degradation products were observed