Composite left-handed materials and negative refraction in photonic crystals

The field of left-handed materials has drawn growing attention due to their novel and unique electromagnetic properties. Electromagnetic waves are left-handed in left-handed materials and the unique properties of such materials lead to a collection of remarkable phenomena, some of which have been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed by many research groups in the past few years.;In this dissertation we start from a brief review of this exciting new field, next proceed to analyze the interaction between the components of split ring resonator and wires in left-handed materials, then we present an isotropic design of polarization independent SRRs and investigates negative refraction phenomena and superlensing effect in two-dimensional photonic crystal structures.;Finally several experimental methods involved in the course of the measurements to verify the negative refractive index of left-handed materials are presented