A Nondestructive Observation of the Mechanism of Plastic Deformation in Orthogonal Cutting

Machining introduces a large amount of plastic deformation in the workpiece material and chip. This plastic strain is nonuniform, and therefore residual stresses are induced in the workpiece surface and subsurface throughout, and slightly below, the depth of plastic deformation. Thus, residual stresses are often an undesirable but unavoidable byproduct of machining. It is known that the mechanism of plastic deformation in metal is dislocation movement