Distance Amplitude Correction Factors for Immersion Ultrasonic Measurements through Curved Surfaces

Near net-shaped forgings offer significant advantages for component manufacture, including less material waste and reduced costs for machining to final shape. However, curved entry surfaces on near net shape forgings create complications for ultrasonic inspection methods. In immersion ultrasonic testing, entry surface curvature causes ultrasonic beam focusing or defocusing, which affects the detection sensitivity to interior material flaws, such as voids and inclusions, as compared to inspection through planar surfaces