Composite Cure Evaluation Using Obliquely Incident Ultrasonic Waves

For quite some time, the use of ultrasonic sensors for the application of monitoring the polymer curing process has been explored [1–4]. For the most part, these studies have confined themselves to the monitoring of the curing of a neat resin (without fibers), utilizing normally incident longitudinal or shear plane waves. This approach does not account for the anisotropy associated with composites, nor does it allow for the generation of alternative wave types