The role of ventricular-arterial coupling in cardiac disease and heart failure: assessment, clinical implications and therapeutic interventions. A consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Aorta & Peripheral Vascular Diseases, European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, and Heart Failure Association
- Ikonomidis, I.
- Aboyans, V.
- Blacher, J.
- Brodmann, M.
- Brutsaert, D.L.
- Chirinos, J.A.
- Carlo, M. de
- Delgado, V.
- Lancellotti, P.
- Lekakis, J.
- Mohty, D.
- Nihoyannopoulos, P.
- Parissis, J.
- Rizzoni, D.
- Ruschitzka, F.
- Seferovic, P.
- Stabile, E.
- Tousoulis, D.
- Vinereanu, D.
- Vlachopoulos, C.
- Vlastos, D.
- Xaplanteris, P.
- Zimlichman, R.
- Metra, M.
DOIAbstract
Ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) plays a major role in the physiology of cardiac and aortic mechanics, as well as in the pathophysiology of cardiac disease. VAC assessment possesses independent diagnostic and prognostic value and may be used to refine riskstratification and monitor therapeutic interventions. Traditionally, VAC is assessed by the non-invasive measurement of the ratio of arterial (Ea) to ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees). With disease progression, both Ea and Ees may become abnormal and the Ea/Ees ratio may approximate its normal values. Therefore, the measurement of each component of this ratio or of novel more sensitive markers of myocardial (e.g. global longitudinal strain) and arterial function (e.g. pulse wave ...
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