Prevention of hypernatremia and hyponatremia in marathon runners

As the number of people participating in marathons across the United States rises to include a population of amateur and first time runners, the prevention of hypernatremia and hyponatremia during these races becomes increasingly important to prevent serious outcomes of coma and death. Both of these conditions have been responsible for collapse, hospitalizations and even deaths of runners in past marathons. Prevention of these sodium imbalances in the body begins with adequate knowledge of proper hydration methods to adhere to while running a marathon. This specific area has been neglected by researchers in the past and no proper method of fluid intake has been appropriately supported with scientific trials. However, there is evidence to support the general lack of knowledge in the running community regarding hyponatremia and hypernatremia, as well as the dangerous side effects of over or under hydration during marathon races. This thesis proposes a randomized control trial to specifically study hydration during a marathon with investigation into which fluid is superior, water or sports drink, and whether drinking to thirst is the best strategy for optimal hydration