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In the 21st century, military power is playing an increasingly minor role in achieving geopolitical goals and is replaced by the use of economic and financial instruments. China's economy has changed significantly in recent years, becoming an increasingly important player in the global economy. The previously one-pole world has become more polarized in economic terms, one of which has become China. Foreign direct investments promote China's economic transformation and support its geopolitical goals. The descriptive analysis of the available data shows that Chinese companies were able to increase their stakes abroad even at the time of the global financial crisis. As a result, the country has become an increasingly important investor globally. The value of China's outward direct investment first exceeded the value of inward investment in 2017, making China the second largest investor in the world. The Belt and Road program announced in 2013 transformed the structure of China's foreign direct investments into target countries and sectors. The volume of investments coming to Europe, the United States and Asia has increased significantly. Within the target countries, the share of investment in the countries that have joined the program is constantly increasing. The role of the energy sector has been gradually reduced since 2013, with more and more Chinese companies investing in transportation and finance. Chinese investment is expected to be restrained in the future by the tighter investment policies of the United States and the European Union