The present article is a result of an ethnographic investigation and has as its main objective the reflection upon a present and relevant social context: the indigenous people living in urban centers of Latin America. We have analyzed the current situation of a target group through a case study focused on three main themes: identity, territoriality and immigration and labor market. The target group has been an indigenous community located within the urban area of the city of Curitiba, southern Brazil, actually composed by 35 indigenous families from three different ethnics: Guaraní, Kaingang and Xetá. These ethnic groups are faced daily with a series of problems and issues of concern to most of other indigenous Latin-American urban communit...