Unos proteina u male djece: izvori iz hrane i čimbenici vezani za način života

The aims of this study were to determine the intake and sources of total, animal and plant protein in toddlers, as well as difference in protein intake in terms of demographic and anthropometric characteristics and socioeconomic status. The study was conducted on 130 toddlers (49.2% girls and 50.8% boys), mean age 23.5±0.7 months. The parents fulfilled the general questionnaire and 2-day food record. On average, toddlers’ intake was 3.5±0.1 g kg-1 of protein daily, and the overall population exceeded the recommended protein intake. The mean intake of animal and plant proteins was 2.3±0.1 g kg-1 per day and 1.2±0.05 g kg-1 per day, respectively. The group of meat, chicken, fish and eggs (32.1%) was the main contributor to total protein intake, followed by milk and dairy products (28.1%) and potatoes and cereals (15.7%). Differences in protein intake and the animal to plant protein ratio according to sex, infant body mass index, length of exclusive breastfeeding, and age at the time of introduction of solid foods were not statistically significant. A significantly (p=0.012) higher intake of plant protein was observed with increasing socioeconomic status (1.1±0.1 g kg-1 , 1.2±0.1 g kg-1 and 1.6±0.1 g kg-1 , respectively). Protein intake in this sample of toddlers exceeded the recommendation for daily protein intake. Animal protein intake was twice as high as plant protein intake, especially in families of lower socioeconomic statCilj ovog rada je utvrditi unos ukupnih proteina u male djece i proteina s obzirom na podrijetlo te identificirati njihove glavne izvore u ranom djetinjstvu. Cilj je također utvrditi postoji li razlika u unosu proteina s obzirom na demografske i antropometrijske karakteristike te socioekonomski status ispitanika. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 130-ero male djece (49,2% djevojčica i 50,8% dječaka) prosječne dobi od 23,5 ± 0,7 mjeseci. Podatci o ispitanicima su se prikupljali općim upitnikom i dnevnikom prehrane što su ga dva neuzastopna dana vodili roditelji. Djeca unose 3,5 ± 0,1 g/kgTM proteina na dan, a to znači više od preporuka. Pritom unose više proteina životinjskog (2,3 ± 0,1 g/kgTM) podrijetla nego biljnog (1,2 ± 0,05 g/kgTM). Skupina namirnica od mesa, peradi, ribe i jaja (32,1%) pridonosi najvećem unosu proteina, potom od mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda (28,1%) te skupina s krumpirom i žitaricama (15,7%). Razlika u unosu proteina te omjer onih životinjskih naprama biljnih s obzirom na spol, indeks djetetove tjelesne mase, trajanje isključivog dojenja te dobi u trenutku početka dohrane nije se pokazala statistički značajnom. S obzirom na socioekonomski status analizom podataka je zamijećeno da porastom socioekonomskog statusa djeca konzumiraju značajno više (p=0,012) biljnih proteina (1,1 ± 0,1 g/kgTM, 1,2 ± 0,1 g/kgTM, 1,6 ± 0,1 g/kgTM). Unos proteina u ovom uzorku male djece s područja Hrvatske višestruko premašuje važeće preporuke. Unos životinjskih proteina dvostruko je veći od unosa biljnih, što je posebice izraženo u obiteljima nižeg socioekonomskog statusa