Postpartum weight retention determinant factors on a cohort study with nine months of follow-up

Objetivo: Estudar os determinantes da retenção de peso pós-parto. Métodos: Foram estudadas 405 mulheres entre 18-45 anos em quatro seguimentos aos 0,5, 2, 6 e 9 meses pós-parto. As mulheres responderam a um questionário e tiveram diversas medidas antropométricas aferidas. A variável dependente foi a retenção de peso pós-parto. O principal procedimento utilizado na análise foi o modelo longitudinal de regressão linear com efeitos mistos. Resultados: Os principais preditores da retenção de peso >= 7,5 kg nove meses pós-parto foram a gordura corporal >= 30% no primeiro seguimento, ganho de peso gestacional >= 12 kg e renda familiar total = 7.5 kg were body fat >= 30% at baseline, gestational weight gain >= 12 kg and total family income < R$870. Longitudinal final model regression estimates showed that the combined effect between predominant breastfeeding and percent fat at baseline, was -0.6 and -0.2 kg/month, among women with 18% and 28% of body fat, respectively, in contrast with women with only 30 days of predominant breastfeeding. Around 35% of each kilo gained during pregnancy was retained nine months postpartum. Conclusions: The postpartum weight retention distribution pattern included women with low income, low education, high gestational weight gain and high body fat at baseline as the most exposed groups. The highest risk observed among women with lower income and education indicate a new social pattern of the obesity distribution, with concentration on the less favored population stratum. The inverse association with predominant breastfeeding duration confirms the hypothesis that postulate that there is a relationship between lactation and postpartum maternal obesity. It\'s mister the implementation of a program with nutritional monitoring with strong emphasis on the control of the gestational and postpartum obesity