Microbial Energy Production

Today's increasing energy needs and the environmental damage of fossil fuels have prompted humankind to seek new and sustainable energy sources. Besides solar energy, seas, oceans, and wind energy, the metabolic pathways of energy formation in cells have opened the gates of new energy sources to us. Both cells and their enzymes can be used for production of renewable energy. These mechanical cells acting like live cells were called biological fuel cells. They can produce electricity using wastewater, biodegredable organic material, and/or direct organic chemicals such as glucose. Today, these devices are still being developed for increasing electric power and for different space applications by scientists. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved