Environmental dependence of X-ray and optical properties of galaxy clusters

Galaxy clusters are widely used to constrain cosmological parameters through their properties, such as masses, luminosity, and temperature distributions. One should take into account all kind of biases that could affect these analyses in order to obtain reliable constraints. In this work, we study the difference in the properties of clusters residing in different large-scale environments, defined by their position within or outside of voids, and the density of their surrounding space. We use both observational and simulation cluster and void catalogues, i.e. XMM Cluster Survey (XCS) and redMaPPer clusters, Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) voids, and Magneticum simulations. We devise two different environmental proxies for the clusters and study their redshift, richness, mass, X-ray luminosity, and temperature distributions, as well as some properties of their galaxy populations. We use the Kolmogorov–Smirnov two-sample test to discover that richer and more massive clusters are more prevalent in overdense regions and outside of voids. We also find that clusters of matched richness and mass in overdense regions and outside voids tend to have higher X-ray luminosities and temperatures. These differences could have important implications for precision cosmology with clusters of galaxies, since cluster mass calibrations can vary with environment