Impact of fellowship training on surgical outcomes after appendectomies: a retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Outcome studies have failed to show significant improvement related to formal fellowship training in different surgical specialties. We aimed to look whether laparoscopic fellowship-trained (FT) surgeons had better outcomes. METHODS: This is an IRB approved retrospective review from a single institution (inner city hospital) on adults undergoing appendectomy from 2008 to 2017. Demographics and 30-day complications were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Total of 558 appendectomies were reviewed. 151 (27.36%) appendectomies were performed by FT surgeons (MIS/CRS), 401 (72.64%) performed by GS. No difference in age, ASA, BMI, race, gender, insurance status, smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), or hypertension was found. Also, similar rates of non-iatrogenic perforated appendicitis were seen (16.37% GS vs 20% FT, p = 0.318). For major complications, no difference was found between GS and FT (p = 0.63). However, appendectomies performed by GS showed higher rates of post-op ileus (3.99% vs 0.66%, p = 0.04), higher conversion to open (7.55% vs 2.67%, p = 0.039), higher rates of choosing an open approach (17.46% vs 0.66%, p = \u3c 0.001), and longer length of stay (LOS) (median 1.9 vs 1.8 days p = 0.048). Of the 16 patients with ileus from the GS group three were open, two converted to open, and eleven laparoscopic with mean OR time of 70 min and LOS of 13.3 days. The only laparoscopic case from the FT group with ileus had a mean operative time of 56 min and LOS of 15 days. On multivariate regression analysis, only DM was found as risk factor for major complications (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.307-6.92, p = 0.01), while laparoscopic approach was seen as protective factor against major complications (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.97, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fellowship training had a positive outcome on post-op ileus and LOS after appendectomy. This seems to be related to the higher prevalence of choosing laparoscopic technique and lower rate of conversion to open