The application of Biochar and Manures as Ameliorants with SP-36 to increase P-available in soil, P uptake and growth of maize (Zea mays L.) on Ultisol soil

The objective of this research was to determine the increase of P- available in the soil, P uptake, and growth of maize (Zea mays L.) due to the application of ameliorants from chicken dung biochar, cow dung biochar, chicken manure, and cow manure with SP-36 on Ultisol. The experimental design was used a randomized block consists of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was ameliorants consists of 6 materials: A0 (0 ton ha-1), A1 (30-ton ha-1 chicken dung biochar), A2 (30 ton ha-1 cow dung biochar), A3 (30 ton ha-1 chicken manure), A4 (30 ton ha-1 cow manure) and the second factor was dosages of SP-36 with 3 levels: P0 (0 kg ha-1 SP-36), P1 (278 kg ha-1 SP-36), P2 (556 kg ha-1 SP-36). The results showed that the application of amendment significantly increased soil pH, C-organic, P-available in soil, plant height, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, P uptake, and decrease Al-dd. Application of SP-36 fertilizer significantly increased P-available in soil, plant height, root dry weight, and P uptake. The interaction of ameliorants from cow manure and SP-36 fertilizer (556 kg ha-1) significantly increased soil pH, P-available in soil, plant height, root dry weight, P uptake and this was the best treatment