Detection, tracking and remote sensing: satellites and image processing (spaceborne oil spill detection)

The possibility of detecting and tracking oil spills by satellite remote sensing means has been illustrated from theoretical and technical points of view. In the beginning optical remote sensing on oil spill detection was introduced. Oil and its characteristic spectral signature can be detected using optical sensors on onboard satellites. The larger part of the chapter is devoted to remote sensing of oil spills through SAR sensors operating in the microwave part of the electro – magnetic spectrum. The theory of microwave remote sensing of oil film is described with a direct reference to satellite sensors. The historical aspects of oil spill detection, including a specific application to monitor the trend of the problem of illicit discharges on the long term, which leaded to the operational services, were also illustrated. Moreover, studies of operational pollution carried out by European commission – Joint Research Centre in the Mediterranean Sea were analytically described. Last part of the chapter address the possible use of ancillary data in the detection loop. In fact, ancillary data could be proven helpful in identifying phenomena, which yield reduced backscatter patterns on SAR imagery. The chapter ends with conclusions and further ideas for development.JRC.G.3-Maritime affair