Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Disorders: A Clinical Review

Iron is an essential micronutrient and a critical component of oxygen transport, numerous metabolic enzymes, and reaction centers of redox enzymes. Elevated iron can lead to iron accumulation in parenchymal organs, which can result in cardiac symptoms, diabetes, and severe liver diseases. Moreover, it is associated with severe infections, neurodegenerative disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and other forms of cancer. Iron overload is related to many genetic and inherited conditions, including hereditary hemochromatosis. It is imperative that healthcare providers are familiar with hereditary hemochromatosis as early detection and therapeutic phlebotomy can prevent complications of iron overload when initiated before organ damage occurs. The purpose of this clinical review is to provide relevant information on hereditary hemochromatosis and iron overload disorders and to outline existing screening and treatment strategies to aid healthcare providers in making individualized decisions with their patients