Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Liver and Kidney of Male Domestic Rabbit

Objective: The present study is aimed to investigate the physiological and morphological alterations associated with chlorpyrifos administration in male domestic rabbit. Was tested using differed single chlorpyrifos doses ranging from 150-550mg/kg of body weight. Materials and Methods: The oral LD50 of chlorpyrifos in male domestic rabbit was calculated from logarithmic scale and found to be 333 mg/kg body weight. A daily dose of 1/10 LD50 chlorpyrifos (33.3 mg/kg body weight) were given to the animals under experiment for six weeks. Control animals were given distilled water. Blood samples were collected weekly and analyzed. Results: The overall mortality rate was 11.1% in chlorpyrifos-treated rabbits compared to 2.1% in controls. Clinical signs included diarrhea, disorientation, drowsiness and mild tremor. The final body weight was significantly decreased in chlorpyrifos-intoxicated rabbits. Serum glucose was significantly increased in response to chlorpyrifos administration recording a maximum percentage difference of 27.2% in the 3rd week of the experiment. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (g-GT) were significantly higher in chlorpyrifos-fed rabbits compared to controls. registering maximum percentage differences of 30.2, 37.1, 26.8 and 29.4% during the 5th ,3rd ,4th ,6th weeks of the experiment. In contrast, serum cholinesterase (ChE) was markedly decreased recording a maximum percentage difference of 64.6% during the 4th week of the experiment. Serum bilirubin was gradually increased to record a maximum percentage difference of 15.2% in the 5th week. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations were significantly elevated in response to chlorpyrifos intake displaying maximum percentage differences of 43.6% and 26.4% during the 6th and 4th weeks of the experiment, respectively. Serum total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly decreased upon chlorpyrifos intoxication exhibiting percentage differences of 25.5, 27.3 and 28.2% at 4th, 6th and 6th, respectively. Serum calcium was significantly increased in chlorpyrifos-treated rabbits with a maximum percentage difference of 16.8% at the 4th week whereas phosphorus significantly decreased with a maximum percentage difference of 14.3% at the 6th week of the experiment. Conclusions: Oral daily administration of 1/10 LD50 chlorpyrifos caused significant decrease in body weight, serum cholinesterase, total protein, albumin, globulin and phosphorous whereas serum glucose, ALT, AST, ALP, g-GT, bilirubin, urea, creatinine and calcium were significantly increased