Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: A study of ten cases

Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus (IVL) is a rare type of uterine leiomyoma. It is defined by the presence of benign smooth muscle within vascular spaces outside the confines of a leiomyoma, free floating within the lumen or adherent to the vessel wall. We report 10 cases of IVL to discuss the clinical, radiological, histological, therapeutic and prognostic features of this entity. We concluded that, in line with literature, IVL can have a malignant behaviour. The treatment is based on surgery. Hormonal treatment is recommended. Large sampling of peritumoral tissue in uterine leiomyomas can lead to early diagnosis of IVL. Follow up is mandatory to detect possible recurrence or extra-pelvic extension.