Curing of concrete with chemical additions in frosty weather

Winter construction is an accepted fact in Canada and the U. S.S.R. Winter concreting requires special precautions; much valuable experience has been accumulated over the years and new techniques and new materials have markedly affected the speed of winter construction. Canadian and American specifications limit the amounts of admixtures to be used in concrete. The Russians, however, have allowed, under certain circumstances, large additions of admixtures including chlorides in winter construction. They are mainly added to lower the freezing point of water. In this paper the effect of large additions of potassium, sodium nitrites, sodium and calcium chlorides on the properties of concrete is described.Peer reviewed: NoNRC publication: Ye