Process Monitoring Using Optical Ultrasonic Wave Detection

Certain microstructural features of materials, such as grain size in metals, porosity in ceramics, and structural phase compositions, are important for determining mechanical properties. Many of these microstructural features have been characterized by ultrasonic wave propagation measurements, such as wave velocity and attenuation. Real-time monitoring of ultrasonic wave propagation during the processing stage would be valuable for following the evolution of these features. This paper describes the application of laser ultrasonic techniques to the monitoring of ceramic sintering. Prior to this work, ultrasonic wave measurements of the sintering of ceramics have been made only through direct contact with the material with a buffer rod [1,2]. Recently, several advances have been made using lasers for both generation and detection of ultrasonic waves in a totally noncontacting manner for material microstructure evaluation [3–5]. Application of laser ultrasonic techniques now opens the possibility for real-time monitoring of materials in very hostile environments as are encountered during processing [6]